Difference between revisions of "Isotropic Mesh Generation"

Latest revision as of 10:22, 10 May 2018

Two Blades with Merging Wakes and a Symmetry Plane

(a) Input Surface
(b) Distribution function on the boundary

(c) cdfm: 0; #tets: 806K
(d) cdfm: 0.1; #tets: 1.41M

(e) cdfm: 0.2; #tets: 4.97M
(f) cdfm: 0.3; #tets: 16.54M

Cuts of tetrahedral grids of two blades with merging wakes and a symmetry plane enclosed in an outer boundary generated for varied cdfm ∈ [0, 1] (shown in (c)-(f)).
The input surface is depicted in (a)-(b). The wake region is modeled as an embedded/ transparent delete surface.

Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) of grids of two blades with
merging wakes and a symmetry plane enclosed in an outer boundary, for varied cdfm.
The dihedral angle extrema and the element count are reported for each grid.

Refinement of Nacelle Engine, Rocket, and Launch Vehicle with Two Boosters (lv2b)

Input Surface Meshes

Surface grid of an aircraft nacelle with engine inside a section of wind tunnel. Download

#Points: 27184; #Triangles: 54360

Surface grid of a rocket with engine, nozzle and transparent internal data surfaces inside flow field. Download.

#Points: 20228; #Triangles: 40448

Surface grid of a launch vehicle with solid boosters inside flow field (Lv2b). Download.

#Points: 42020; #Triangles: 84024

Parameters

Parameters for unstructured grid generation. Additional parameters only for CDT3D: nthreads : 12 (parallel); nthreads : 1 (sequential); nbuckets : 240; frbtransf : 0.3; cbtransf : 1.0. Additional parameters only for AFLR: mrecrbf : 0.
Geometry	Software	cdfm	cdfn	mrecm	nqual	csmth	msmth	nsmth	angdfs	angqual
Nacelle	CDT3D	0.291	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°
Nacelle	AFLR	0.50	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°
Rocket	CDT3D	0.20	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°
Rocket	AFLR	0.60	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°
Lv2b	CDT3D	0.234	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°
Lv2b	AFLR	0.30	0.7	2	3	0.5	1	2	165°	120°

Results

Evaluation results on unstructured grid generation. CDT3D is compared with state-of-the-art technology AFLR v16.9.19. CDT3D’s runs are performed with 1 and 12 hardware cores. AFLR is a sequential code. This table lists the parameters of the evaluation. The sliver elements have a dihedral angle smaller than 2° or larger than 178°. The initial grid includes Delaunay tetrahedralization and Boundary Recovery. The I/O time is not included. The experiments were performed on a Dell workstation with Linux Ubuntu 12.10, using a 12-core Intel Xeon CPU X5690@3.47 GHz, and 96 GB RAM.
Case	Software	#Cores	%Slivers (w/o improv.) (x10^-3)	#Tets (w/ improv.) (M)	Min/Max Angle (w/ improv.) (deg)	Initial Grid (sec)	Refinement (min)	Improvement (min)	Total (min)
Nacelle	CDT3D	1	3.74	43.65	13.57°/153.44°	1.36	20.01	14.30	34.33
	CDT3D	12	3.70	42.85	12.06°/159.52°	1.36	5.02	18.59	23.64
	AFLR	1	2.97	43.16	7.00°/164.86°	5.63	22.59	6.40	29.09
Rocket	CDT3D	1	2.96	118.41	9.39°/159.30°	1.58	52.85	64.56	117.44
	CDT3D	12	2.95	119.06	9.21°/158.33°	1.58	14.51	68.23	82.76
	AFLR	1	3.05	123.13	5.58°/164.75°	6.76	131.89	25.41	157.42
Lv2b	CDT3D	1	5.09	98.21	6.60°/159.68°	5.45	41.57	94.63	136.29
	CDT3D	12	4.69	113.99	8.24°/158.59°	5.45	12.92	62.36	75.37
	AFLR	1	3.49	104.10	6.84°/164.88°	16.97	98.24	18.51	117.03

The resulting meshes generated by CDT3D and AFLR are available below.
Nacelle - CDT3D - 12 Cores Nacelle - AFLR - 1 Core

Rocket - CDT3D - 12 Cores Rocket - AFLR - 1 Core

Lv2b - CDT3D - 12 Cores Lv2b - AFLR - 1 Core

(a) CDT3D: 42.85 M tetrahedra
(b) AFLR: 39.64 M tetrahedra

Tetrahedral field cuts of the aircraft nacelle

Detail views of tetrahedral field cuts of aircraft nacelle generated with CDT3D

(a) CDT3D: 119.06 M tetrahedra
(b) AFLR: 127.68 M tetrahedra

(c) Detail view of (a)
(d) Detail view of (a)

Tetrahedral field cuts of the rocket

(a) CDT3D: 110.01 M tetrahedra
(b) AFLR: 100.92 M tetrahedra

(c) Detail view of (a)
(d) Detail view of (a)

Tetrahedral field cuts of the Lv2b

(a) w/o improvement
(b) w/ improvement

Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) of aircraft nacelle grids. The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.

(a) Rocket (w/ improvement)
(b) Lv2b (w/ improvement)

Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) after improvement of Rocket and Lv2b grids. The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.

(a) CDT3D: 1590 slivers (0.0037%) out of total 42.91 M tetrahedra
(b) AFLR: 1287 slivers (0.0029%) out of total 43.23 M tetrahedra

Slivers after the completion of refinement of the aircraft nacelle. Red represents elements whose minimum dihedral angle is smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦.

Refinement of DLR-F6 Airbus type aircraft

(a) Aircraft with symmetry plane
(b) Surface grid

(c) Wing-nacelle-pylon system
(d) Anisotropic boundary layers

Surface grid of a DLR-F6 Airbus type aircraft with anisotropic boundary layers on a symmetry plane; Download [web_address here]

#points: 1006144; #triangles: 2012288

(a) Overall view
(b) Detail view

Cuts of the tetrahedral grid of the flow field of DLR-F6 Airbus aircraft, generated with CDT3D. A smaller grid (≈200 M tetrahedra) is depicted due to limitations in visualization.

Performance results on parallel refinement of grid of a flow domain around a DLR-F6 Airbus aircraft. Parameters: cdfn : 0.8; cdfm : 0.5; mrecm : 2; mrec4 : 1; nbuckets : 15 · nthreads; frbtransf : 0.4; cbtransf : 1.0; nqual : 0; sortp : 1 activates element sorting. The included sorting time is reported in parenthesis. The sliver elements have a dihedral angle smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦. #Iter is the number of grid generation passes. The experiments performed on a DELL workstation with Linux Red Hat Enterprise, 24 hardware cores Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2697v2@2.70 GHz, and 757 GB RAM. Hyper-Threading is enabled when nthreads > 24.
	nthreads	#Tets (10⁹)	%Slivers (w/o improv.) (x10^-2)	#Iter	Recon./Iter (min)	Refinement (hours)	Recon./Iter (Speedup)	Refinement (Speedup)
	1	1.414	1.438	61	51.69	58.98	1	1
w/o sorting	12	1.413	1.472	73	4.81	13.10	10.74	4.50
	24	1.455	1.563	83	2.51	11.81	20.59	5.00
	36	1.438	1.487	79	1.98	10.59	26.10	5.57
	48	1.451	1.556	118	1.84	14.36	28.09	4.10
w/ sorting	12	1.414	1.563	89	3.99	17.38 (3.62)	12.95	3.39
	24	1.439	1.499	75	1.98	12.74 (3.16)	26.10	4.62
	36	1.458	1.518	93	1.67	14.87 (4.00)	30.95	3.96
	48	1.448	1.625	122	1.39	18.77 (5.08)	37.18	3.14

Difference between revisions of "Isotropic Mesh Generation"

Latest revision as of 10:22, 10 May 2018

Contents

Two Blades with Merging Wakes and a Symmetry Plane

Refinement of Nacelle Engine, Rocket, and Launch Vehicle with Two Boosters (lv2b)

Input Surface Meshes

Parameters

Results

Refinement of DLR-F6 Airbus type aircraft

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Sphere and Two Blades with Merging Wakes and a Symmetry Plane ==
+==  Two Blades with Merging Wakes and a Symmetry Plane ==
-<div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(a) Input Surface''']] </li>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_cdfm0-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(b) cdfm: 0; #tets: 57K''']] </li>
-</ul></div>
-<div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_cdfm0_2-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(c) cdfm: 0.2; #tets: 58K''']] </li>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_cdfm0_6-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(d) cdfm: 0.6; #tets: 129K''']] </li>
-</ul></div>
-<div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_cdfm0_8-eps-converted-to_s.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(e) cdfm: 0.8; #tets: 854K''']] </li>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_cdfm0_9-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(f) cdfm: 0.9; #tets: 7.68M''']] </li>
-</ul></div>
-Cuts of tetrahedral grids of a sphere generated for varied cdfm ∈ [0, 1]. Blue
-corresponds to larger values of the distribution function. Red corresponds to smaller values<br>
-of the distribution function.
-<br><br><br><br><br><br>
 <div><ul>
 <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: blades-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(a) Input Surface''']] </li>
@@ Line 41: / Line 20: @@
 (c)-(f)). <br>The input surface is depicted in (a)-(b). The wake region is modeled as an embedded/
 transparent delete surface.
-<br><br><br><br><br><br>
-<div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: sphere_histogram.png|thumb|none|2000px]] </li>
-</ul></div>
-Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) of grids of sphere, for varied
-cdfm.<br> The dihedral angle extrema and the element count are reported for each grid.
-<br><br><br><br>
 <div><ul>
 <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: blades_histogram.png|thumb|none|2000px]] </li>
@@ Line 58: / Line 29: @@
 dihedral angle extrema and the element count are reported for each grid.
-== nacelle, rocket, and lv2b pg. 122-124 ==
+== Refinement of Nacelle Engine, Rocket, and Launch Vehicle with Two Boosters (lv2b) ==
+=== Input Surface Meshes ===
 <div><ul>
 <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: nacelle6.png|thumb|none|450px]] </li>
@@ Line 65: / Line 38: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Surface grid of an aircraft nacelle with engine inside a section of wind tunnel.
+:Surface grid of an aircraft nacelle with engine inside a section of wind tunnel. [http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/InputSurface/nacelle_engine_ic_extended_boundary.stl.7z Download ]
-:<nowiki>#</nowiki>points: 27184; #triangles: 54360
+:<nowiki>#</nowiki>Points: 27184; #Triangles: 54360
 <br><br><br>
@@ Line 74: / Line 47: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Surface grid of a rocket with engine, nozzle and transparent internal data surfaces inside flow field.
+:Surface grid of a rocket with engine, nozzle and transparent internal data surfaces inside flow field. [http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/InputSurface/rocket_extended.stl.7z Download].
-:<nowiki>#</nowiki>points: 20228; #triangles: 40448
+:<nowiki>#</nowiki>Points: 20228; #Triangles: 40448
 <br><br><br>
@@ Line 83: / Line 56: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Surface grid of a launch vehicle with solid boosters inside flow field (Lv2b).
+:Surface grid of a launch vehicle with solid boosters inside flow field (Lv2b). [http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/InputSurface/lv2b.stl.7z Download].
-:<nowiki>#</nowiki>points: 42020; #triangles: 84024
+:<nowiki>#</nowiki>Points: 42020; #Triangles: 84024
 <br><br><br>
-{| class="wikitable"
+=== Parameters ===
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 |+ Parameters for unstructured grid generation. Additional parameters only for CDT3D: nthreads : 12 (parallel); nthreads : 1 (sequential); nbuckets : 240; frbtransf : 0.3; cbtransf : 1.0. Additional parameters only for AFLR: mrecrbf : 0.
 |-
 ! scope="col" | Geometry !! colspan=2 | Software !! colspan=2 | cdfm !! colspan=2 | cdfn !! colspan=2 | mrecm !! colspan=2 | nqual !! colspan=2 | csmth !! colspan=2 | msmth !! colspan=2 | nsmth !! colspan=2 | angdfs !! colspan=2 | angqual !! colspan=2 | mdbs
 |-
-!  Nacelle  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 0.291 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+!  rowspan=2 | Nacelle
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 0.291 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 0.50 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR || colspan=2 | 0.50 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |-
-!  Rocket  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 0.20 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+!  rowspan=2 | Rocket
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 0.20 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 0.60 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR || colspan=2 | 0.60 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |-
-!  Lv2b  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 0.234 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+!  rowspan=2 | Lv2b
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 0.234 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 0.30 !! colspan=2 | 0.7 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 3 !! colspan=2 | 0.5 !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2 !! colspan=2 | 165° !! colspan=2 | 120° !! colspan=2 | 0
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR || colspan=2 | 0.30 || colspan=2 | 0.7 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 3 || colspan=2 | 0.5 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2 || colspan=2 | 165° || colspan=2 | 120° || colspan=2 | 0
 |}
-<br><br><br>
+<br><br>
-{| class="wikitable"
+=== Results ===
-|+ Evaluation results on unstructured grid generation. CDT3D is compared with state-of-the-art technology AFLR v16.9.19 [132]. CDT3D’s runs are performed with 1 and 12 hardware cores. AFLR is a sequential code. Table 17 lists the parameters of the evaluation. The sliver elements have a dihedral angle smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦. Initial grid includes Delaunay tetrahedralization and Boundary Recovery. The I/O time is not included. The experiments performed on a DELL workstation with Linux Ubuntu 12.10, 12 cores Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5690@3.47 GHz, and 96 GB RAM.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Evaluation results on unstructured grid generation. CDT3D is compared with state-of-the-art technology AFLR v16.9.19. CDT3D’s runs are performed with 1 and 12 hardware cores. AFLR is a sequential code. This table lists the parameters of the evaluation. The sliver elements have a dihedral angle smaller than 2° or larger than 178°. The initial grid includes Delaunay tetrahedralization and Boundary Recovery. The I/O time is not included. The experiments were performed on a Dell workstation with Linux Ubuntu 12.10, using a 12-core Intel Xeon CPU X5690@3.47 GHz, and 96 GB RAM.
 |-
-! scope="col" | Case !! colspan=2 | Software !! colspan=2 | #Cores !! colspan=2 | %Slivers<br>(w/o improv.)<br>(x10<sup>-3</sup>) !! colspan=2 | #Tets<br>(w/ improv.)(M) !! colspan=2 | Min/Max Angle<br>(w/ improv.)<br>(deg) !! colspan=2 | Initial Grid<br>(sec) !! colspan=2 | Refinement<br>(min) !! colspan=2 | Improvement<br>(min) !! colspan=2 | Total<br>(min)
+! scope="col" | Case !! colspan=2 | Software !! colspan=2 | #Cores !! colspan=2 | %Slivers<br>(w/o improv.)<br>(x10<sup>-3</sup>) !! colspan=2 | #Tets<br>(w/ improv.)<br>(M) !! colspan=2 | Min/Max Angle<br>(w/ improv.)<br>(deg) !! colspan=2 | Initial Grid<br>(sec) !! colspan=2 | Refinement<br>(min) !! colspan=2 | Improvement<br>(min) !! colspan=2 | Total<br>(min)
 |-
-!  Nacelle  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 3.74 !! colspan=2 | 43.65 !! colspan=2 | 13.57°/153.44° !! colspan=2 | 1.36 !! colspan=2 | 20.01 !! colspan=2 | 14.30 !! colspan=2 | 34.33
+!  rowspan=3 | Nacelle
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 3.74 || colspan=2 | 43.65 || colspan=2 | 13.57°/153.44° || colspan=2 | 1.36 || colspan=2 | 20.01 || colspan=2 | 14.30 || colspan=2 | 34.33
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 12 !! colspan=2 | 3.70 !! colspan=2 | 42.85 !! colspan=2 | 12.06°/159.52° !! colspan=2 | 1.36 !! colspan=2 | 5.02 !! colspan=2 | 18.59 !! colspan=2 | 23.64
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 3.70 || colspan=2 | 42.85 || colspan=2 | 12.06°/159.52° || colspan=2 | 1.36 || colspan=2 | 5.02 || colspan=2 | 18.59 || colspan=2 | 23.64
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2.97 !! colspan=2 | 43.16 !! colspan=2 | 7.00°/164.86° !! colspan=2 | 5.63 !! colspan=2 | 22.59 !! colspan=2 | 6.40 !! colspan=2 | 29.09
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR  || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2.97 || colspan=2 | 43.16 || colspan=2 | 7.00°/164.86° || colspan=2 | 5.63 || colspan=2 | 22.59 || colspan=2 | 6.40 || colspan=2 | 29.09
 |-
-!  Rocket  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 2.96 !! colspan=2 | 118.41 !! colspan=2 | 9.39°/159.30° !! colspan=2 | 1.58 !! colspan=2 | 52.85 !! colspan=2 | 64.56 !! colspan=2 | 117.44
+!  rowspan=3 | Rocket
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 2.96 || colspan=2 | 118.41 || colspan=2 | 9.39°/159.30° || colspan=2 | 1.58 || colspan=2 | 52.85 || colspan=2 | 64.56 || colspan=2 | 117.44
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 12 !! colspan=2 | 2.95 !! colspan=2 | 119.06 !! colspan=2 | 9.21°/158.33° !! colspan=2 | 1.58 !! colspan=2 | 14.51 !! colspan=2 | 68.23 !! colspan=2 | 82.76
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 2.95 || colspan=2 | 119.06 || colspan=2 | 9.21°/158.33° || colspan=2 | 1.58 || colspan=2 | 14.51 || colspan=2 | 68.23 || colspan=2 | 82.76
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 3.05 !! colspan=2 | 123.13 !! colspan=2 | 5.58°/164.75° !! colspan=2 | 6.76 !! colspan=2 | 131.89 !! colspan=2 | 25.41 !! colspan=2 | 157.42
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 3.05 || colspan=2 | 123.13 || colspan=2 | 5.58°/164.75° || colspan=2 | 6.76 || colspan=2 | 131.89 || colspan=2 | 25.41 || colspan=2 | 157.42
 |-
-!  Lv2b  !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 5.09 !! colspan=2 | 98.21 !! colspan=2 | 6.60°/159.68° !! colspan=2 | 5.45 !! colspan=2 | 41.57 !! colspan=2 | 94.63 !! colspan=2 | 136.29
+!  rowspan=3 | Lv2b
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 5.09 || colspan=2 | 98.21 || colspan=2 | 6.60°/159.68° || colspan=2 | 5.45 || colspan=2 | 41.57 || colspan=2 | 94.63 || colspan=2 | 136.29
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | CDT3D !! colspan=2 | 12 !! colspan=2 | 4.69 !! colspan=2 | 113.99 !! colspan=2 | 8.24°/158.59° !! colspan=2 | 5.45 !! colspan=2 | 12.92 !! colspan=2 | 62.36 !! colspan=2 | 75.37
+|  colspan=2 | CDT3D || colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 4.69 || colspan=2 | 113.99 || colspan=2 | 8.24°/158.59° || colspan=2 | 5.45 || colspan=2 | 12.92 || colspan=2 | 62.36 || colspan=2 | 75.37
 |-
-!    !! colspan=2 | AFLR !! colspan=2 | 1 !! colspan=2 | 3.49 !! colspan=2 | 104.10 !! colspan=2 | 6.84°/164.88° !! colspan=2 | 16.97 !! colspan=2 | 98.24 !! colspan=2 | 18.51 !! colspan=2 | 117.03
+|  colspan=2 | AFLR || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 3.49 || colspan=2 | 104.10 || colspan=2 | 6.84°/164.88° || colspan=2 | 16.97 || colspan=2 | 98.24 || colspan=2 | 18.51 || colspan=2 | 117.03
 |}
+<br><br>
+The resulting meshes generated by CDT3D and AFLR are available below.<br>
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/nacelle_engine_ic_extended_boundary_CDT3D_opt_12T.vtk.7z Nacelle - CDT3D - 12 Cores]
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/nacelle_engine_ic_extended_boundary_AFLR_opt.vtk.7z Nacelle - AFLR  - 1 Core]
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/rocket_extended_CDT3D_opt_12T.vtk.7z Rocket - CDT3D - 12 Cores]
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/rocket_extended_AFLR_opt.vtk.7z Rocket - AFLR - 1 Core]
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/lv2b_CDT3D_opt_12T.vtk.7z Lv2b - CDT3D - 12 Cores]
+[http://cs.odu.edu/crtc/PDR/meshes/IsotropicMeshGeneration/VolumeMesh/lv2b_AFLR_opt_vtk.7z Lv2b - AFLR - 1 Core]
+<br><br><br><br>
-== more nacelle, rocket, and lv2b pg. 125-127 ==
 <div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: nacelleCDT3D.png|thumb|none|750px|''(a) CDT3D: 42.85 M tetrahedra'']] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: nacelleCDT3D.png|thumb|none|650px|''(a) CDT3D: 42.85 M tetrahedra'']] </li>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: nacelleAFLR.png|thumb|none|750px|''(b) AFLR: 39.64 M tetrahedra'']] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: nacelleAFLR.png|thumb|none|650px|''(b) AFLR: 39.64 M tetrahedra'']] </li>
 </ul></div>
@@ Line 176: / Line 168: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) of aircraft nacelle grids. <br>The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.
+:Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) of aircraft nacelle grids. The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.
 <br><br><br>
@@ Line 184: / Line 176: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) after improvement of Rocket and Lv2b grids. <br>The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.
+:Element angle distribution (in 5-deg increments) after improvement of Rocket and Lv2b grids. The dihedral angle extrema are reported for each method.
 <br><br><br>
@@ Line 192: / Line 184: @@
 </ul></div>
-:Slivers after the completion of refinement of the aircraft nacelle. <br>Red represents elements whose minimum dihedral angle is smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦.
+:Slivers after the completion of refinement of the aircraft nacelle. Red represents elements whose minimum dihedral angle is smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦.
+== Refinement of DLR-F6 Airbus type aircraft ==
+<div><ul>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Boeing1-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(a) Aircraft with symmetry plane''']] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Boeing0-eps-converted-to_alt.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(b) Surface grid''']] </li>
+</ul></div>
+<div><ul>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Boeing2-eps-converted-to_alt.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(c) Wing-nacelle-pylon system''']] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Boeing3-eps-converted-to.png|thumb|none|450px|'''(d) Anisotropic boundary layers''']] </li>
+</ul></div>
+:Surface grid of a DLR-F6 Airbus type aircraft with anisotropic boundary layers on a symmetry plane; Download [web_address here]
+:<nowiki>#</nowiki>points: 1006144; #triangles: 2012288
+<br><br><br>
+<div><ul>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: boeing5-eps-converted-to_alt.png|thumb|none|900px|'''(a) Overall view''']] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: boeing3-eps-converted-to2_alt.png|thumb|none|900px|'''(b) Detail view''']] </li>
+</ul></div>
+:Cuts of the tetrahedral grid of the flow field of DLR-F6 Airbus aircraft, generated with CDT3D. A smaller grid (≈200 M tetrahedra) is depicted due to limitations in visualization.
+<br><br><br>
-== aircraft pg. 140-142 ==
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Performance results on parallel refinement of grid of a flow domain around a DLR-F6 Airbus aircraft. Parameters: cdfn : 0.8; cdfm : 0.5; mrecm : 2; mrec4 : 1; nbuckets : 15 · nthreads; frbtransf : 0.4; cbtransf : 1.0; nqual : 0; sortp : 1 activates element sorting. The included sorting time is reported in parenthesis. The sliver elements have a dihedral angle smaller than 2◦ or larger than 178◦. #Iter is the number of grid generation passes. The experiments performed on a DELL workstation with Linux Red Hat Enterprise, 24 hardware cores Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2697v2@2.70 GHz, and 757 GB RAM. Hyper-Threading is enabled when nthreads > 24.
+|-
+! scope="col" |  !! colspan=2 | nthreads !! colspan=2 | #Tets<br>(10<sup>9</sup>) !! colspan=2 | %Slivers<br>(w/o improv.)<br>(x10<sup>-2</sup>) !! colspan=2 | #Iter !! colspan=2 | Recon./Iter<br>(min) !! colspan=2 | Refinement<br>(hours) !! colspan=2 | Recon./Iter<br>(Speedup) !! colspan=2 | Refinement<br>(Speedup)
+|-
+!  rowspan=1 |
+|  colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 1.414 || colspan=2 | 1.438 || colspan=2 | 61 || colspan=2 | 51.69 || colspan=2 | 58.98 || colspan=2 | 1 || colspan=2 | 1
+|-
+!  rowspan=4 | w/o sorting
+|  colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 1.413 || colspan=2 | 1.472 || colspan=2 | 73 || colspan=2 | 4.81 || colspan=2 | 13.10 || colspan=2 | 10.74 || colspan=2 | 4.50
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 24 || colspan=2 | 1.455 || colspan=2 | 1.563 || colspan=2 | 83 || colspan=2 | 2.51 || colspan=2 | 11.81 || colspan=2 | 20.59 || colspan=2 | 5.00
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 36 || colspan=2 | 1.438 || colspan=2 | 1.487 || colspan=2 | 79 || colspan=2 | 1.98 || colspan=2 | 10.59 || colspan=2 | 26.10 || colspan=2 | 5.57
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 48 || colspan=2 | 1.451 || colspan=2 | 1.556 || colspan=2 | 118 || colspan=2 | 1.84 || colspan=2 | 14.36 || colspan=2 | 28.09 || colspan=2 | 4.10
+|-
+!  rowspan=4 | w/ sorting
+|  colspan=2 | 12 || colspan=2 | 1.414 || colspan=2 | 1.563 || colspan=2 | 89 || colspan=2 | 3.99 || colspan=2 | 17.38 (3.62) || colspan=2 | 12.95 || colspan=2 | 3.39
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 24 || colspan=2 | 1.439 || colspan=2 | 1.499 || colspan=2 | 75 || colspan=2 | 1.98 || colspan=2 | 12.74 (3.16) || colspan=2 | 26.10 || colspan=2 | 4.62
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 36 || colspan=2 | 1.458 || colspan=2 | 1.518 || colspan=2 | 93 || colspan=2 | 1.67 || colspan=2 | 14.87 (4.00) || colspan=2 | 30.95 || colspan=2 | 3.96
+|-
+|  colspan=2 | 48 || colspan=2 | 1.448 || colspan=2 | 1.625 || colspan=2 | 122 || colspan=2 | 1.39 || colspan=2 | 18.77 (5.08) || colspan=2 | 37.18 || colspan=2 | 3.14
+|}
+<br><br>